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Voting System

Technical Inspiration

Punkpoll’s voting system draws technical inspiration from Bitcoin’s UTXO model and Ethereum’s NFT concept.

Blockchain and decentralized trust-based technologies will become tools enabling direct democracy in the digital age.-Punkpoll

The UTXO model tracks transaction state in units of unspent outputs to preserve integrity. Applied to voting, each voter’s right is “consumed” the moment it is exercised and cannot be reused. In practice, the right that resides in a voter’s wallet is reclaimed upon completion of the vote, structurally preventing reuse and eliminating double voting.

The NFT concept expresses a “unique right for a specific election.” On Avalanche (EVM), Punkpoll’s VoteNFT issues a distinct ERC‑721 token for each election to enforce one‑person‑one‑right. Core parameters—such as START_TIME, END_TIME, VOTER, REWARD_TOKEN, and REWARD_AMOUNT—are fixed as immutables at deployment and cannot be altered. Using ERC2771 with a Trusted Forwarder, users participate with signatures only (gasless UX). In a single atomic call, the contract verifies eligibility, forcibly transfers the NFT back to the contract address, pays the reward token, and records an ipfsHash (CID) on‑chain. The contract also acts as a vault, directly holding and distributing rewards; reclaimed NFTs remain owned by the contract, permanently disabling reuse of the same tokenId. Response data is stored off‑chain on IPFS, with the CID anchored on‑chain to validate integrity while reducing cost and protecting privacy.

Together, UTXO’s “spend‑once” semantics and VoteNFT’s immutable rules, gasless participation, atomic execution, and IPFS integrity anchoring deliver a secure, transparent, and user‑friendly voting experience.